Concept of Plant Classification
Hierarchical
Concept of Plant Classification
Taxonomy
may be defined as the study and description of the variation of organisms.The
investigation of the causes and consequences of this variation, and the
manipulation of the data obtained to produce a system of classification.
.Classification
is the process of ordering plants into groups that are arranged hierarchically
(in biological sense). This system of arrangement is derived from accumulation
of information about the individual plants, with ultimate objective of
expressing their relationship.
Alternatively
it can viewed as assignment of like objects into recognizable units. For
example consider how a green grocer arranges different vegetables in his|her
food stall or how a baker displays different types of baked products in a
supermarket;Classification
(as a process) is the production of a logical system of categories, each
containing any number of organisms, which allows easier reference to its
components (kinds of organisms). Classification (as an object) is that system
itself, of which there are many sorts.
Plant taxonomy or biosystematics is refereed to as the scientific study of the diversity and differentiation of
plants and the various relationships
that exist between them. It can be regarded as part of systematic which
deals with the study of classification,
including its bases, principles, procedures and rules. It also encompasses
description, identification and naming of plants and their classification into
different groups according to their resemblances and differences
Taxon(Plural Taxa)
A taxonomic
of any rank is correctly refereed to as taxon. It could be species , genus,
family, order etc.A taxon is any taxonomic grouping, such as phylum, a family
or a species. It is useful general term, and can be used to indicate the rank
of a group as well as the organisms contained within that group.
Taxa are
delimited by various means, but the fact that they can be delimited at all (at
any level) illustrates an essential
feature of most.
taxonomic variation that it is discontinous , and that taxa are circumscribed by their discontinuities
from related taxa.
Identification
or determination can be viewed as determination of a taxon as being the same or
identical or different to another. This can be arrived at by matching with
dried herbarium specimens of known identity or by keying using appropriate
floras or manuals. Identification is based on comparison of certain features of
the specimen mostly derived from the root, stem, leaf, flower, fruit, habitat,
locality to a previously described plant.
A
description of a taxon is a statement of its characteristics, which thus
constitute the definition of the taxon.Characters contributing to a taxonomic
description are known as taxonomic or systematic characters.
v A diagnosis is a shortened
description covering only those characters (diagnostic characters) which are
necessary to distinguish a taxon from other related taxa
- Nomenclature is the process of giving names to taxa within a certain classificatory system; It could be natural , artificial or phylogenetic system of classification.
- Species Is the basic unit of classification and comprise of group of organisms that are genetically very similar and can interbreed freely to produce fertile or viable offsprings.
- Variation between individuals can be due to inherited (genetic) characters or environmental factors. Characters chosen for taxonomic purpose must be as free from environmental influence as possible. Flowers are the main source of taxonomic characters.
- Natural systems of classification utilizes all kinds\types of information available. Utilizes both morpholocagical and sexual characters
- Artificial sytesm of classification utilizes one or few characters. Utilization based e.g medicinal herbs, spices, based on habits
- Phylogenetic system based on the theory of descent and evolution in that the existing forms of life are products of evolutionary processes.
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